🇬🇧 Les 4 temps essentiels
Anglais 5ème LV1 · Niveau A2 · Présent & Passé
1️⃣ Simple Present — Le présent simple
When do we use it?
- ✅ Habitudes & routines — actions qui se répètent
- ✅ Vérités générales — faits permanents
- ✅ Caractéristiques — ce qu’on est, ce qu’on aime
- ✅ Programmes / horaires fixes
🔧 Formation
Sujet + Verbe (base)
⚠️ He / She / It → Verbe + S
⚠️ He / She / It → Verbe + S
| ✅ Affirmative | ❌ Negative | ❓ Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I play | I don’t play | Do I play? |
| You play | You don’t play | Do you play? |
| He/She plays | She doesn’t play | Does she play? |
| We play | We don’t play | Do we play? |
| They play | They don’t play | Do they play? |
⚠️ Attention au S ! He/She/It : play → plays · watch → watches · study → studies · go → goes
🔑 Signal words — Mots-clés
always
usually
often
sometimes
never
every day/week
on Mondays
in general
💬 Examples — Exemples variés
Sherlock Holmes lives at 221B Baker Street.
Sherlock Holmes habite au 221B Baker Street.
Caractéristique permanente
The train to London leaves at 9:15 every morning.
Le train pour Londres part à 9h15 tous les matins.
Horaire fixe
British people drink a lot of tea.
Les Britanniques boivent beaucoup de thé.
Vérité générale / habitude culturelle
She doesn’t go to school on Saturdays.
Elle ne va pas à l’école le samedi.
Habitude négative
Do you like detective stories?
Tu aimes les histoires de détectives ?
Question avec DO
✅ Quick check 1 — Simple Present
Choose: The detective ___ crimes every day.
Choose: Water ___ at 100°C. (boil)
2️⃣ Present Continuous — Le présent continu
- ✅ Action EN COURS maintenant — ce qui se passe à cet instant
- ✅ Situation temporaire — pendant une période limitée
- ✅ Projet futur déjà planifié
🔧 Formation
Sujet + am / is / are + Verbe-ING
| ✅ Affirmative | ❌ Negative | ❓ Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I am working | I am not working | Am I working? |
| He/She is working | She isn’t working | Is she working? |
| We/They are working | They aren’t working | Are they working? |
💡 V-ING règles : run → running · make → making · study → studying · swim → swimming
🔑 Signal words
now
right now
at the moment
Look!
Listen!
currently
this week
⚠️ Stative verbs : certains verbes NE s’utilisent PAS avec -ing :
know, like, love, hate, want, need, believe, understand, see, hear
❌ I am knowing → ✅ I know
know, like, love, hate, want, need, believe, understand, see, hear
❌ I am knowing → ✅ I know
💬 Examples
Look! The thief is running away!
Regarde ! Le voleur s’enfuit !
Look! → action en cours maintenant
Poirot is interviewing the suspect at the moment.
Poirot interroge le suspect en ce moment.
I am reading a fantastic novel this week.
Je lis un roman fantastique cette semaine.
Situation temporaire
Are you coming to the party tonight?
Tu viens à la fête ce soir ?
Projet futur planifié
⚖️ Simple Present vs Present Continuous
| Simple Present | Present Continuous |
|---|---|
| She reads every evening. (habitude) | She is reading right now. (action en cours) |
| He works in London. (caractéristique) | He is working on a case. (temporaire) |
| It rains a lot in England. (vérité générale) | Look! It is raining! (maintenant) |
✅ Quick check 2 — Present Continuous
Choose: Look! Columbo ___ the suspect. (question)
Choose: My brother ___ in Australia this year. (temporary)
3️⃣ Simple Past — Le passé simple (prétérit)
- ✅ Action terminée dans le passé — à un moment précis
- ✅ Série d’événements passés — actions successives
- ✅ Habitudes passées — ce qu’on faisait autrefois
🔧 Formation
Verbes réguliers : Sujet + Verbe + ED
Verbes irréguliers : Sujet + Forme irrégulière
Verbes irréguliers : Sujet + Forme irrégulière
| ✅ Affirmative | ❌ Negative | ❓ Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I worked / went | I didn’t work / go | Did I work / go? |
| She worked / went | She didn’t work | Did she work? |
| They worked / went | They didn’t work | Did they work? |
💡 Avec didn’t / Did, le verbe principal reste à la base verbale : She didn’t goes ❌ → She didn’t go ✅
📋 Verbes irréguliers essentiels
be
was/were
être
have
had
avoir
go
went
aller
come
came
venir
see
saw
voir
find
found
trouver
take
took
prendre
steal
stole
voler
run
ran
courir
write
wrote
écrire
say
said
dire
think
thought
penser
know
knew
savoir
break
broke
casser
give
gave
donner
meet
met
rencontrer
speak
spoke
parler
hide
hid
se cacher
🔑 Signal words
yesterday
last night / week / year
ago (2 days ago)
in 1980
when (+ action courte)
then / after
💬 Examples
Agatha Christie wrote 66 detective novels.
Agatha Christie a écrit 66 romans policiers.
Fait historique terminé
The thief broke the window, grabbed the jewels and ran away.
Le voleur a cassé la vitre, a saisi les bijoux et s’est enfui.
Séquence d’actions passées
Sherlock Holmes didn’t use a computer — he had no internet!
Sherlock Holmes n’utilisait pas d’ordinateur — il n’avait pas Internet !
Did you watch the detective series last night?
Tu as regardé la série policière hier soir ?
✅ Quick check 3 — Simple Past
Choose: Sherlock Holmes ___ at 221B Baker Street. (live)
Choose: The police ___ the thief last night. (not / arrest)
4️⃣ Past Continuous — Le passé continu
- ✅ Action longue en cours dans le passé — décor, contexte
- ✅ Action interrompue par une autre (souvent + Simple Past)
- ✅ Deux actions simultanées dans le passé
🔧 Formation
Sujet + was / were + Verbe-ING
| ✅ Affirmative | ❌ Negative | ❓ Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I was working | I wasn’t working | Was I working? |
| He/She was working | She wasn’t working | Was she working? |
| We/They were working | They weren’t working | Were they working? |
🔑 Signal words
while
when (+ action courte)
at that moment
at 9 PM
all evening
⚡ The KEY pattern — La combinaison essentielle
WHILE + Past Continuous (longue) , WHEN + Simple Past (courte)
While the witness was watching TV, when the thief entered the house.
Pendant que le témoin regardait la télé, le voleur est entré dans la maison.
was watching = action longue en cours · entered = action courte qui interrompt
The detective was examining the clues when his phone rang.
Le détective examinait les indices quand son téléphone a sonné.
While Poirot was thinking, Miss Marple was knitting.
Pendant que Poirot réfléchissait, Miss Marple tricotait.
Deux actions simultanées dans le passé
💬 More examples
At midnight, the criminals were hiding in the warehouse.
À minuit, les criminels se cachaient dans l’entrepôt.
Contexte / décor dans le passé
I was reading a Sherlock Holmes story when the lights went out.
Je lisais une histoire de Sherlock Holmes quand les lumières se sont éteintes.
Was Columbo wearing his famous raincoat when you saw him?
Columbo portait-il son célèbre imperméable quand tu l’as vu ?
✅ Quick check 4 — Past Continuous
Choose: While the detective ___ for clues, he found a fingerprint. (search)
Choose: The witness ___ TV when the crime happened. (watch)
🌟 Score
0 / 0
🎯 Exercice A — Signal word → Quel temps ?
Clique sur « Nouvelle question » !
✏️ Exercice B — Choisis le bon temps
Clique sur « Nouvelle question » !
📝 Exercice C — Complète au Simple Past
🔍 The Case of the Missing Crown
Last night, someone (steal) the royal crown from the palace. The guard (see) a shadow at 11 PM. The thief (run) through the garden and (hide) behind the fountain. Detective Poirot (find) a clue the next morning.
✅ Solutions :
1. stole (irrégulier) · 2. saw (irrégulier) · 3. ran (irrégulier)
4. hid (irrégulier) · 5. found (irrégulier)
1. stole (irrégulier) · 2. saw (irrégulier) · 3. ran (irrégulier)
4. hid (irrégulier) · 5. found (irrégulier)
🔀 Exercice D — Mixed tenses (4 temps)
🏛️ The Museum Robbery
Detective Sarah Johnson usually (work) on small cases, but right now she (investigate) the biggest robbery of the year. Last Tuesday, someone (steal) a famous painting. The guard (sleep) when the thief entered. While the detective (examine) the scene, she (find) a fingerprint.
✅ Solutions :
1. works (Simple Present – habitude)
2. is investigating (Present Continuous – right now)
3. stole (Simple Past – action terminée)
4. was sleeping (Past Continuous – action en cours)
5. was examining (Past Continuous – while)
6. found (Simple Past – action courte)
1. works (Simple Present – habitude)
2. is investigating (Present Continuous – right now)
3. stole (Simple Past – action terminée)
4. was sleeping (Past Continuous – action en cours)
5. was examining (Past Continuous – while)
6. found (Simple Past – action courte)
🔧 Exercice E — Correct the mistake
Each sentence has ONE mistake. Find and correct it:
1. The detective is investigate the scene right now. 2. Yesterday, the thief was steal the painting. 3. Look! The criminal run away! 4. Sherlock Holmes always used a smartphone.
1. The detective is investigate the scene right now. 2. Yesterday, the thief was steal the painting. 3. Look! The criminal run away! 4. Sherlock Holmes always used a smartphone.
✅ Corrections :
1. is investigating (Present Continuous = BE + V-ing)
2. stole (Simple Past, pas Past Continuous)
3. is running (Look! → Present Continuous)
4. Sherlock Holmes never used a smartphone — he lived in the 1890s! (always → never, contexte historique)
1. is investigating (Present Continuous = BE + V-ing)
2. stole (Simple Past, pas Past Continuous)
3. is running (Look! → Present Continuous)
4. Sherlock Holmes never used a smartphone — he lived in the 1890s! (always → never, contexte historique)